Serveur d'exploration MERS

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Identification of a Novel Betacoronavirus (Merbecovirus) in Amur Hedgehogs from China

Identifieur interne : 000534 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000533; suivant : 000535

Identification of a Novel Betacoronavirus (Merbecovirus) in Amur Hedgehogs from China

Auteurs : Susanna K. P. Lau [République populaire de Chine] ; Hayes K. H. Luk ; Antonio C. P. Wong ; Rachel Y. Y. Fan ; Carol S. F. Lam ; Kenneth S. M. Li ; Syed Shakeel Ahmed ; Franklin W. N. Chow ; Jian-Piao Cai ; Xun Zhu [République populaire de Chine] ; Jasper F. W. Chan [République populaire de Chine] ; Terrence C. K. Lau ; Kaiyuan Cao [République populaire de Chine] ; Mengfeng Li [République populaire de Chine] ; Patrick C. Y. Woo [République populaire de Chine] ; Kwok-Yung Yuen [République populaire de Chine]

Source :

RBID : PMC:6893546

Abstract

While dromedaries are the immediate animal source of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) epidemic, viruses related to MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have also been found in bats as well as hedgehogs. To elucidate the evolution of MERS-CoV-related viruses and their interspecies transmission pathway, samples were collected from different mammals in China. A novel coronavirus related to MERS-CoV, Erinaceus amurensis hedgehog coronavirus HKU31 (Ea-HedCoV HKU31), was identified from two Amur hedgehogs. Genome analysis supported that Ea-HedCoV HKU31 represents a novel species under Merbecovirus, being most closely related to Erinaceus CoV from European hedgehogs in Germany, with 79.6% genome sequence identity. Compared to other members of Merbecovirus, Ea-HedCoV HKU31 possessed unique non-structural proteins and putative cleavage sites at ORF1ab. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Ea-HedCoV HKU31 and BetaCoV Erinaceus/VMC/DEU/2012 were closely related to NeoCoV and BatCoV PREDICT from African bats in the spike region, suggesting that the latter bat viruses have arisen from recombination between CoVs from hedgehogs and bats. The predicted HKU31 receptor-binding domain (RBD) possessed only one out of 12 critical amino acid residues for binding to human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (hDPP4), the MERS-CoV receptor. The structural modeling of the HKU31-RBD-hDPP4 binding interphase compared to that of MERS-CoV and Tylonycteris bat CoV HKU4 (Ty-BatCoV HKU4) suggested that HKU31-RBD is unlikely to bind to hDPP4. Our findings support that hedgehogs are an important reservoir of Merbecovirus, with evidence of recombination with viruses from bats. Further investigations in bats, hedgehogs and related animals are warranted to understand the evolution of MERS-CoV-related viruses.


Url:
DOI: 10.3390/v11110980
PubMed: 31653070
PubMed Central: 6893546


Affiliations:


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Le document en format XML

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<name sortKey="Lau, Susanna K P" sort="Lau, Susanna K P" uniqKey="Lau S" first="Susanna K. P." last="Lau">Susanna K. P. Lau</name>
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<nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00980">Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
<email>skplau@hku.hk</email>
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<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
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<name sortKey="Fan, Rachel Y Y" sort="Fan, Rachel Y Y" uniqKey="Fan R" first="Rachel Y. Y." last="Fan">Rachel Y. Y. Fan</name>
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<nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00980">Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
<email>skplau@hku.hk</email>
(S.K.P.L.);
<email>hkhluk@hku.hk</email>
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<email>antonwcp@connect.hku.hk</email>
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<name sortKey="Lam, Carol S F" sort="Lam, Carol S F" uniqKey="Lam C" first="Carol S. F." last="Lam">Carol S. F. Lam</name>
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<nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00980">Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
<email>skplau@hku.hk</email>
(S.K.P.L.);
<email>hkhluk@hku.hk</email>
(H.K.H.L.);
<email>antonwcp@connect.hku.hk</email>
(A.C.P.W.);
<email>carollamsukfun@yahoo.com.hk</email>
(C.S.F.L.);
<email>keth105@gmail.com</email>
(K.S.M.L.);
<email>shakeel87@gmail.com</email>
(S.S.A.);
<email>caijuice@hku.hk</email>
(J.-P.C.);
<email>jfwchan@hku.hk</email>
(J.F.W.C.)</nlm:aff>
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<name sortKey="Li, Kenneth S M" sort="Li, Kenneth S M" uniqKey="Li K" first="Kenneth S. M." last="Li">Kenneth S. M. Li</name>
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<nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00980">Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
<email>skplau@hku.hk</email>
(S.K.P.L.);
<email>hkhluk@hku.hk</email>
(H.K.H.L.);
<email>antonwcp@connect.hku.hk</email>
(A.C.P.W.);
<email>carollamsukfun@yahoo.com.hk</email>
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<name sortKey="Ahmed, Syed Shakeel" sort="Ahmed, Syed Shakeel" uniqKey="Ahmed S" first="Syed Shakeel" last="Ahmed">Syed Shakeel Ahmed</name>
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<nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00980">Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
<email>skplau@hku.hk</email>
(S.K.P.L.);
<email>hkhluk@hku.hk</email>
(H.K.H.L.);
<email>antonwcp@connect.hku.hk</email>
(A.C.P.W.);
<email>carollamsukfun@yahoo.com.hk</email>
(C.S.F.L.);
<email>keth105@gmail.com</email>
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<name sortKey="Chow, Franklin W N" sort="Chow, Franklin W N" uniqKey="Chow F" first="Franklin W. N." last="Chow">Franklin W. N. Chow</name>
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<nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00980">Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
<email>skplau@hku.hk</email>
(S.K.P.L.);
<email>hkhluk@hku.hk</email>
(H.K.H.L.);
<email>antonwcp@connect.hku.hk</email>
(A.C.P.W.);
<email>carollamsukfun@yahoo.com.hk</email>
(C.S.F.L.);
<email>keth105@gmail.com</email>
(K.S.M.L.);
<email>shakeel87@gmail.com</email>
(S.S.A.);
<email>caijuice@hku.hk</email>
(J.-P.C.);
<email>jfwchan@hku.hk</email>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cai, Jian Piao" sort="Cai, Jian Piao" uniqKey="Cai J" first="Jian-Piao" last="Cai">Jian-Piao Cai</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00980">Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
<email>skplau@hku.hk</email>
(S.K.P.L.);
<email>hkhluk@hku.hk</email>
(H.K.H.L.);
<email>antonwcp@connect.hku.hk</email>
(A.C.P.W.);
<email>carollamsukfun@yahoo.com.hk</email>
(C.S.F.L.);
<email>keth105@gmail.com</email>
(K.S.M.L.);
<email>shakeel87@gmail.com</email>
(S.S.A.);
<email>caijuice@hku.hk</email>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Zhu, Xun" sort="Zhu, Xun" uniqKey="Zhu X" first="Xun" last="Zhu">Xun Zhu</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af5-viruses-11-00980">Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
<email>zhuxun8@mail.sysu.edu.cn</email>
(X.Z.);
<email>caoky@mail.sysu.edu.cn</email>
(K.C.);
<email>limf@mail.sysu.edu.cn</email>
(M.L.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af6-viruses-11-00980">Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080</wicri:regionArea>
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<settlement type="city">Jiangmen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chan, Jasper F W" sort="Chan, Jasper F W" uniqKey="Chan J" first="Jasper F. W." last="Chan">Jasper F. W. Chan</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00980">Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
<email>skplau@hku.hk</email>
(S.K.P.L.);
<email>hkhluk@hku.hk</email>
(H.K.H.L.);
<email>antonwcp@connect.hku.hk</email>
(A.C.P.W.);
<email>carollamsukfun@yahoo.com.hk</email>
(C.S.F.L.);
<email>keth105@gmail.com</email>
(K.S.M.L.);
<email>shakeel87@gmail.com</email>
(S.S.A.);
<email>caijuice@hku.hk</email>
(J.-P.C.);
<email>jfwchan@hku.hk</email>
(J.F.W.C.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af2-viruses-11-00980">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong 999077</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af3-viruses-11-00980">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong 999077</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af4-viruses-11-00980">Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong 999077</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lau, Terrence C K" sort="Lau, Terrence C K" uniqKey="Lau T" first="Terrence C. K." last="Lau">Terrence C. K. Lau</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af7-viruses-11-00980">Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
<email>chiklau@cityu.edu.hk</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cao, Kaiyuan" sort="Cao, Kaiyuan" uniqKey="Cao K" first="Kaiyuan" last="Cao">Kaiyuan Cao</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af5-viruses-11-00980">Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
<email>zhuxun8@mail.sysu.edu.cn</email>
(X.Z.);
<email>caoky@mail.sysu.edu.cn</email>
(K.C.);
<email>limf@mail.sysu.edu.cn</email>
(M.L.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af6-viruses-11-00980">Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Jiangmen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Li, Mengfeng" sort="Li, Mengfeng" uniqKey="Li M" first="Mengfeng" last="Li">Mengfeng Li</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af5-viruses-11-00980">Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
<email>zhuxun8@mail.sysu.edu.cn</email>
(X.Z.);
<email>caoky@mail.sysu.edu.cn</email>
(K.C.);
<email>limf@mail.sysu.edu.cn</email>
(M.L.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af6-viruses-11-00980">Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Jiangmen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Woo, Patrick C Y" sort="Woo, Patrick C Y" uniqKey="Woo P" first="Patrick C. Y." last="Woo">Patrick C. Y. Woo</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00980">Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
<email>skplau@hku.hk</email>
(S.K.P.L.);
<email>hkhluk@hku.hk</email>
(H.K.H.L.);
<email>antonwcp@connect.hku.hk</email>
(A.C.P.W.);
<email>carollamsukfun@yahoo.com.hk</email>
(C.S.F.L.);
<email>keth105@gmail.com</email>
(K.S.M.L.);
<email>shakeel87@gmail.com</email>
(S.S.A.);
<email>caijuice@hku.hk</email>
(J.-P.C.);
<email>jfwchan@hku.hk</email>
(J.F.W.C.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af2-viruses-11-00980">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong 999077</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af3-viruses-11-00980">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong 999077</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af4-viruses-11-00980">Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong 999077</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yuen, Kwok Yung" sort="Yuen, Kwok Yung" uniqKey="Yuen K" first="Kwok-Yung" last="Yuen">Kwok-Yung Yuen</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00980">Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
<email>skplau@hku.hk</email>
(S.K.P.L.);
<email>hkhluk@hku.hk</email>
(H.K.H.L.);
<email>antonwcp@connect.hku.hk</email>
(A.C.P.W.);
<email>carollamsukfun@yahoo.com.hk</email>
(C.S.F.L.);
<email>keth105@gmail.com</email>
(K.S.M.L.);
<email>shakeel87@gmail.com</email>
(S.S.A.);
<email>caijuice@hku.hk</email>
(J.-P.C.);
<email>jfwchan@hku.hk</email>
(J.F.W.C.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af2-viruses-11-00980">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong 999077</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af3-viruses-11-00980">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong 999077</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af4-viruses-11-00980">Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong 999077</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
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<analytic>
<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Identification of a Novel Betacoronavirus (
<italic>Merbecovirus</italic>
) in Amur Hedgehogs from China</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lau, Susanna K P" sort="Lau, Susanna K P" uniqKey="Lau S" first="Susanna K. P." last="Lau">Susanna K. P. Lau</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00980">Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
<email>skplau@hku.hk</email>
(S.K.P.L.);
<email>hkhluk@hku.hk</email>
(H.K.H.L.);
<email>antonwcp@connect.hku.hk</email>
(A.C.P.W.);
<email>carollamsukfun@yahoo.com.hk</email>
(C.S.F.L.);
<email>keth105@gmail.com</email>
(K.S.M.L.);
<email>shakeel87@gmail.com</email>
(S.S.A.);
<email>caijuice@hku.hk</email>
(J.-P.C.);
<email>jfwchan@hku.hk</email>
(J.F.W.C.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af2-viruses-11-00980">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong 999077</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af3-viruses-11-00980">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong 999077</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af4-viruses-11-00980">Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong 999077</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Luk, Hayes K H" sort="Luk, Hayes K H" uniqKey="Luk H" first="Hayes K. H." last="Luk">Hayes K. H. Luk</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00980">Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
<email>skplau@hku.hk</email>
(S.K.P.L.);
<email>hkhluk@hku.hk</email>
(H.K.H.L.);
<email>antonwcp@connect.hku.hk</email>
(A.C.P.W.);
<email>carollamsukfun@yahoo.com.hk</email>
(C.S.F.L.);
<email>keth105@gmail.com</email>
(K.S.M.L.);
<email>shakeel87@gmail.com</email>
(S.S.A.);
<email>caijuice@hku.hk</email>
(J.-P.C.);
<email>jfwchan@hku.hk</email>
(J.F.W.C.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wong, Antonio C P" sort="Wong, Antonio C P" uniqKey="Wong A" first="Antonio C. P." last="Wong">Antonio C. P. Wong</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00980">Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
<email>skplau@hku.hk</email>
(S.K.P.L.);
<email>hkhluk@hku.hk</email>
(H.K.H.L.);
<email>antonwcp@connect.hku.hk</email>
(A.C.P.W.);
<email>carollamsukfun@yahoo.com.hk</email>
(C.S.F.L.);
<email>keth105@gmail.com</email>
(K.S.M.L.);
<email>shakeel87@gmail.com</email>
(S.S.A.);
<email>caijuice@hku.hk</email>
(J.-P.C.);
<email>jfwchan@hku.hk</email>
(J.F.W.C.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fan, Rachel Y Y" sort="Fan, Rachel Y Y" uniqKey="Fan R" first="Rachel Y. Y." last="Fan">Rachel Y. Y. Fan</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00980">Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
<email>skplau@hku.hk</email>
(S.K.P.L.);
<email>hkhluk@hku.hk</email>
(H.K.H.L.);
<email>antonwcp@connect.hku.hk</email>
(A.C.P.W.);
<email>carollamsukfun@yahoo.com.hk</email>
(C.S.F.L.);
<email>keth105@gmail.com</email>
(K.S.M.L.);
<email>shakeel87@gmail.com</email>
(S.S.A.);
<email>caijuice@hku.hk</email>
(J.-P.C.);
<email>jfwchan@hku.hk</email>
(J.F.W.C.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lam, Carol S F" sort="Lam, Carol S F" uniqKey="Lam C" first="Carol S. F." last="Lam">Carol S. F. Lam</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00980">Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
<email>skplau@hku.hk</email>
(S.K.P.L.);
<email>hkhluk@hku.hk</email>
(H.K.H.L.);
<email>antonwcp@connect.hku.hk</email>
(A.C.P.W.);
<email>carollamsukfun@yahoo.com.hk</email>
(C.S.F.L.);
<email>keth105@gmail.com</email>
(K.S.M.L.);
<email>shakeel87@gmail.com</email>
(S.S.A.);
<email>caijuice@hku.hk</email>
(J.-P.C.);
<email>jfwchan@hku.hk</email>
(J.F.W.C.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Li, Kenneth S M" sort="Li, Kenneth S M" uniqKey="Li K" first="Kenneth S. M." last="Li">Kenneth S. M. Li</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00980">Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
<email>skplau@hku.hk</email>
(S.K.P.L.);
<email>hkhluk@hku.hk</email>
(H.K.H.L.);
<email>antonwcp@connect.hku.hk</email>
(A.C.P.W.);
<email>carollamsukfun@yahoo.com.hk</email>
(C.S.F.L.);
<email>keth105@gmail.com</email>
(K.S.M.L.);
<email>shakeel87@gmail.com</email>
(S.S.A.);
<email>caijuice@hku.hk</email>
(J.-P.C.);
<email>jfwchan@hku.hk</email>
(J.F.W.C.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ahmed, Syed Shakeel" sort="Ahmed, Syed Shakeel" uniqKey="Ahmed S" first="Syed Shakeel" last="Ahmed">Syed Shakeel Ahmed</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00980">Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
<email>skplau@hku.hk</email>
(S.K.P.L.);
<email>hkhluk@hku.hk</email>
(H.K.H.L.);
<email>antonwcp@connect.hku.hk</email>
(A.C.P.W.);
<email>carollamsukfun@yahoo.com.hk</email>
(C.S.F.L.);
<email>keth105@gmail.com</email>
(K.S.M.L.);
<email>shakeel87@gmail.com</email>
(S.S.A.);
<email>caijuice@hku.hk</email>
(J.-P.C.);
<email>jfwchan@hku.hk</email>
(J.F.W.C.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chow, Franklin W N" sort="Chow, Franklin W N" uniqKey="Chow F" first="Franklin W. N." last="Chow">Franklin W. N. Chow</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00980">Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
<email>skplau@hku.hk</email>
(S.K.P.L.);
<email>hkhluk@hku.hk</email>
(H.K.H.L.);
<email>antonwcp@connect.hku.hk</email>
(A.C.P.W.);
<email>carollamsukfun@yahoo.com.hk</email>
(C.S.F.L.);
<email>keth105@gmail.com</email>
(K.S.M.L.);
<email>shakeel87@gmail.com</email>
(S.S.A.);
<email>caijuice@hku.hk</email>
(J.-P.C.);
<email>jfwchan@hku.hk</email>
(J.F.W.C.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cai, Jian Piao" sort="Cai, Jian Piao" uniqKey="Cai J" first="Jian-Piao" last="Cai">Jian-Piao Cai</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00980">Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
<email>skplau@hku.hk</email>
(S.K.P.L.);
<email>hkhluk@hku.hk</email>
(H.K.H.L.);
<email>antonwcp@connect.hku.hk</email>
(A.C.P.W.);
<email>carollamsukfun@yahoo.com.hk</email>
(C.S.F.L.);
<email>keth105@gmail.com</email>
(K.S.M.L.);
<email>shakeel87@gmail.com</email>
(S.S.A.);
<email>caijuice@hku.hk</email>
(J.-P.C.);
<email>jfwchan@hku.hk</email>
(J.F.W.C.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zhu, Xun" sort="Zhu, Xun" uniqKey="Zhu X" first="Xun" last="Zhu">Xun Zhu</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af5-viruses-11-00980">Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
<email>zhuxun8@mail.sysu.edu.cn</email>
(X.Z.);
<email>caoky@mail.sysu.edu.cn</email>
(K.C.);
<email>limf@mail.sysu.edu.cn</email>
(M.L.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af6-viruses-11-00980">Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Jiangmen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chan, Jasper F W" sort="Chan, Jasper F W" uniqKey="Chan J" first="Jasper F. W." last="Chan">Jasper F. W. Chan</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00980">Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
<email>skplau@hku.hk</email>
(S.K.P.L.);
<email>hkhluk@hku.hk</email>
(H.K.H.L.);
<email>antonwcp@connect.hku.hk</email>
(A.C.P.W.);
<email>carollamsukfun@yahoo.com.hk</email>
(C.S.F.L.);
<email>keth105@gmail.com</email>
(K.S.M.L.);
<email>shakeel87@gmail.com</email>
(S.S.A.);
<email>caijuice@hku.hk</email>
(J.-P.C.);
<email>jfwchan@hku.hk</email>
(J.F.W.C.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af2-viruses-11-00980">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong 999077</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af3-viruses-11-00980">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong 999077</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af4-viruses-11-00980">Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong 999077</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lau, Terrence C K" sort="Lau, Terrence C K" uniqKey="Lau T" first="Terrence C. K." last="Lau">Terrence C. K. Lau</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af7-viruses-11-00980">Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
<email>chiklau@cityu.edu.hk</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cao, Kaiyuan" sort="Cao, Kaiyuan" uniqKey="Cao K" first="Kaiyuan" last="Cao">Kaiyuan Cao</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af5-viruses-11-00980">Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
<email>zhuxun8@mail.sysu.edu.cn</email>
(X.Z.);
<email>caoky@mail.sysu.edu.cn</email>
(K.C.);
<email>limf@mail.sysu.edu.cn</email>
(M.L.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af6-viruses-11-00980">Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Jiangmen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Li, Mengfeng" sort="Li, Mengfeng" uniqKey="Li M" first="Mengfeng" last="Li">Mengfeng Li</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af5-viruses-11-00980">Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
<email>zhuxun8@mail.sysu.edu.cn</email>
(X.Z.);
<email>caoky@mail.sysu.edu.cn</email>
(K.C.);
<email>limf@mail.sysu.edu.cn</email>
(M.L.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af6-viruses-11-00980">Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Jiangmen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Woo, Patrick C Y" sort="Woo, Patrick C Y" uniqKey="Woo P" first="Patrick C. Y." last="Woo">Patrick C. Y. Woo</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00980">Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
<email>skplau@hku.hk</email>
(S.K.P.L.);
<email>hkhluk@hku.hk</email>
(H.K.H.L.);
<email>antonwcp@connect.hku.hk</email>
(A.C.P.W.);
<email>carollamsukfun@yahoo.com.hk</email>
(C.S.F.L.);
<email>keth105@gmail.com</email>
(K.S.M.L.);
<email>shakeel87@gmail.com</email>
(S.S.A.);
<email>caijuice@hku.hk</email>
(J.-P.C.);
<email>jfwchan@hku.hk</email>
(J.F.W.C.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af2-viruses-11-00980">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong 999077</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af3-viruses-11-00980">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong 999077</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af4-viruses-11-00980">Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong 999077</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yuen, Kwok Yung" sort="Yuen, Kwok Yung" uniqKey="Yuen K" first="Kwok-Yung" last="Yuen">Kwok-Yung Yuen</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00980">Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
<email>skplau@hku.hk</email>
(S.K.P.L.);
<email>hkhluk@hku.hk</email>
(H.K.H.L.);
<email>antonwcp@connect.hku.hk</email>
(A.C.P.W.);
<email>carollamsukfun@yahoo.com.hk</email>
(C.S.F.L.);
<email>keth105@gmail.com</email>
(K.S.M.L.);
<email>shakeel87@gmail.com</email>
(S.S.A.);
<email>caijuice@hku.hk</email>
(J.-P.C.);
<email>jfwchan@hku.hk</email>
(J.F.W.C.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af2-viruses-11-00980">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong 999077</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af3-viruses-11-00980">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong 999077</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af4-viruses-11-00980">Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong 999077</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Viruses</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1999-4915</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2019">2019</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
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<textClass></textClass>
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</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p>While dromedaries are the immediate animal source of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) epidemic, viruses related to MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have also been found in bats as well as hedgehogs. To elucidate the evolution of MERS-CoV-related viruses and their interspecies transmission pathway, samples were collected from different mammals in China. A novel coronavirus related to MERS-CoV,
<italic>Erinaceus amurensis</italic>
hedgehog coronavirus HKU31 (
<italic>Ea</italic>
-HedCoV HKU31), was identified from two Amur hedgehogs. Genome analysis supported that
<italic>Ea</italic>
-HedCoV HKU31 represents a novel species under
<italic>Merbecovirus</italic>
, being most closely related to
<italic>Erinaceus</italic>
CoV from European hedgehogs in Germany, with 79.6% genome sequence identity. Compared to other members of
<italic>Merbecovirus</italic>
,
<italic>Ea</italic>
-HedCoV HKU31 possessed unique non-structural proteins and putative cleavage sites at ORF1ab. Phylogenetic analysis showed that
<italic>Ea</italic>
-HedCoV HKU31 and BetaCoV Erinaceus/VMC/DEU/2012 were closely related to NeoCoV and BatCoV PREDICT from African bats in the spike region, suggesting that the latter bat viruses have arisen from recombination between CoVs from hedgehogs and bats. The predicted HKU31 receptor-binding domain (RBD) possessed only one out of 12 critical amino acid residues for binding to human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (hDPP4), the MERS-CoV receptor. The structural modeling of the HKU31-RBD-hDPP4 binding interphase compared to that of MERS-CoV and
<italic>Tylonycteris</italic>
bat CoV HKU4 (
<italic>Ty</italic>
-BatCoV HKU4) suggested that HKU31-RBD is unlikely to bind to hDPP4. Our findings support that hedgehogs are an important reservoir of
<italic>Merbecovirus</italic>
, with evidence of recombination with viruses from bats. Further investigations in bats, hedgehogs and related animals are warranted to understand the evolution of MERS-CoV-related viruses. </p>
</div>
</front>
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</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>République populaire de Chine</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Guangdong</li>
</region>
<settlement>
<li>Jiangmen</li>
</settlement>
</list>
<tree>
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<name sortKey="Ahmed, Syed Shakeel" sort="Ahmed, Syed Shakeel" uniqKey="Ahmed S" first="Syed Shakeel" last="Ahmed">Syed Shakeel Ahmed</name>
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<country name="République populaire de Chine">
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<name sortKey="Chan, Jasper F W" sort="Chan, Jasper F W" uniqKey="Chan J" first="Jasper F. W." last="Chan">Jasper F. W. Chan</name>
<name sortKey="Chan, Jasper F W" sort="Chan, Jasper F W" uniqKey="Chan J" first="Jasper F. W." last="Chan">Jasper F. W. Chan</name>
<name sortKey="Chan, Jasper F W" sort="Chan, Jasper F W" uniqKey="Chan J" first="Jasper F. W." last="Chan">Jasper F. W. Chan</name>
<name sortKey="Lau, Susanna K P" sort="Lau, Susanna K P" uniqKey="Lau S" first="Susanna K. P." last="Lau">Susanna K. P. Lau</name>
<name sortKey="Lau, Susanna K P" sort="Lau, Susanna K P" uniqKey="Lau S" first="Susanna K. P." last="Lau">Susanna K. P. Lau</name>
<name sortKey="Li, Mengfeng" sort="Li, Mengfeng" uniqKey="Li M" first="Mengfeng" last="Li">Mengfeng Li</name>
<name sortKey="Woo, Patrick C Y" sort="Woo, Patrick C Y" uniqKey="Woo P" first="Patrick C. Y." last="Woo">Patrick C. Y. Woo</name>
<name sortKey="Woo, Patrick C Y" sort="Woo, Patrick C Y" uniqKey="Woo P" first="Patrick C. Y." last="Woo">Patrick C. Y. Woo</name>
<name sortKey="Woo, Patrick C Y" sort="Woo, Patrick C Y" uniqKey="Woo P" first="Patrick C. Y." last="Woo">Patrick C. Y. Woo</name>
<name sortKey="Yuen, Kwok Yung" sort="Yuen, Kwok Yung" uniqKey="Yuen K" first="Kwok-Yung" last="Yuen">Kwok-Yung Yuen</name>
<name sortKey="Yuen, Kwok Yung" sort="Yuen, Kwok Yung" uniqKey="Yuen K" first="Kwok-Yung" last="Yuen">Kwok-Yung Yuen</name>
<name sortKey="Yuen, Kwok Yung" sort="Yuen, Kwok Yung" uniqKey="Yuen K" first="Kwok-Yung" last="Yuen">Kwok-Yung Yuen</name>
<name sortKey="Zhu, Xun" sort="Zhu, Xun" uniqKey="Zhu X" first="Xun" last="Zhu">Xun Zhu</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

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